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More hormone between the bursts

Reading list

CJC-1295 references

The pulse paper is the starting point. The full reading list follows, including sources on other substances and animal work whose limits matter to this story.

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Human CJC-1295 studies

Ionescu and Frohman’s pulse study is the source for the basal GH finding. Teichman and colleagues supply the healthy-adult persistence and hormone-response results. Sackmann-Sala and colleagues examined serum proteins in 11 healthy young men.

When a claim rests on “natural pulses,” I reopen the first paper. The continuing bursts and the elevated basal level appear in the same experiment. Both deserve to survive a retelling.

Animal work, sleep and clinical context

Jette’s rat and stability work concerns the albumin-binding design. Alba’s mouse experiment concerns growth in animals unable to make GHRH. Steiger’s human sleep study administered natural GHRH, while the 2025 circuit study investigated sleep-dependent GH release in mice.

The remaining list includes related-hormone physiology, reviews, analytical identification and the regulatory record. The FDA materials, trial registry and WADA list answer different status questions. Reference descriptions of Modified GRF (1-29) concern naming and pharmacology rather than a clinical treatment trial.

  1. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
  2. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. ↗
  3. Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, et al. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. ↗
  4. Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. ↗
  5. Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477. ↗
  6. Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. ↗
  7. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195. ↗
  8. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011. ↗
  9. GH increases extracellular volume by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002. ↗
  10. Aagaard NK, et al. Growth hormone and growth hormone secretagogue effects on nitrogen balance and urea synthesis in steroid treated rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009. ↗
  11. Modified GRF (1-29) — chemical and pharmacological description (encyclopedic reference). 2024. ↗
  12. A 2024 update on growth hormone deficiency syndrome in adults: from guidelines to clinical practice. J Clin Med. 2024;13(20):6079. ↗
  13. Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Med. 2026. ↗
  14. Steiger A, Guldner J, Hemmeter U, et al. Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin on sleep EEG and nocturnal hormone secretion in normal men. Neuroendocrinology. 1992;56(4):566-573. ↗
  15. Neuroendocrine circuit for sleep-dependent growth hormone release. Cell. 2025. ↗
  16. Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353. ↗
  17. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) meeting - briefing document on growth hormone secretagogues (CJC-1295). FDA Advisory Committee Briefing Materials. 2024. ↗
  18. ConjuChem Inc. (trial sponsor). A study to evaluate CJC-1295 in HIV patients with visceral obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov. 2006. ↗
  19. Reference summary. Modified GRF (1-29) - chemical and pharmacological description. Encyclopedic reference. 2024. ↗
  20. World Anti-Doping Agency. The Prohibited List - Section S2: Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics. WADA International Standard. 2025. ↗