# CJC-1295 References: The Cited Research Record

> CJC-1295 references — the full citation list behind this site. PubMed IDs and DOIs for the human PK, preclinical, mechanism, and regulatory literature on the GHRH analog CJC-1295.

The human pharmacokinetic studies, the preclinical anchors, the mechanism and class reviews, and the regulatory and safety literature — with PubMed IDs and DOIs.

## The CJC-1295 citation register

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to a numbered citation below. The CJC-1295 references span the human pharmacokinetic studies that established the GH and IGF-1 kinetics [1][2], the preclinical and analytical work that characterized the albumin conjugate and confirmed the molecule's identity [3][4][5][6], the mechanism and class reviews [7][13], and the safety, regulatory, and sleep-axis literature [8][9][10][11][12][14][15].

Where a record is available on PubMed or via DOI, the link resolves to the source. The human PK work (Teichman 2006; Ionescu and Frohman 2006) is the backbone of the half-life and GH/IGF-1 figures; the Jette 2005 rat study established CJC-1295 as the lead long-acting GRF analog; the Alba 2006 GHRH-knockout-mouse study anchors the once-daily dosing result; and the Steiger 1992 and 2025 circuit studies underpin the sleep material. The full list is below.

## How to read the register

The citations fall into four bands. The human PK band — Teichman 2006 [1] and Ionescu and Frohman 2006 [2] — is the strongest evidence and supplies the half-life, the GH fold-changes, and the IGF-1 percentages quoted throughout the site. The preclinical and analytical band — Jette 2005 [3], Alba 2006 [4], Sackmann-Sala 2009 [5], and Henninge 2010 [6] — covers the rat conjugate work, the knockout-mouse growth result, the serum proteome study, and the LC-MS/MS identification of CJC-1295 in a seized preparation.

The mechanism and class band — the 2025 Nature Reviews Endocrinology synthesis [7] and the 2026 musculoskeletal-peptide review [13] — places CJC-1295 in the GHRH-analog landscape. The fourth band is the supporting safety, regulatory, and sleep literature: the GH-axis insulin-sensitivity and sodium-retention and nitrogen-balance references [8][9][10], the Modified GRF 1-29 description [11], the adult GH-deficiency clinical-context update [12], and the Steiger sleep study and 2025 sleep-circuit paper [14][15]. Reading the bands in that order moves from the firmest CJC-1295-specific evidence outward to the general physiology used to interpret it.

## References

[1] Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/
[2] Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17018654/
[3] Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, et al. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15817669/
[4] Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16822960/
[5] Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19386527/
[6] Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.233
[7] Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39537825/
[8] Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20943777/
[9] GH increases extracellular volume by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11932310/
[10] Growth hormone and growth hormone secretagogue effects on nitrogen balance and urea kinetics. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19231263/
[11] Modified GRF (1-29) — chemical and pharmacological description (encyclopedic reference). 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_GRF_(1-29)
[12] A 2024 update on growth hormone deficiency syndrome in adults: from guidelines to clinical practice. J Clin Med. 2024;13(20):6079. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39458028/
[13] Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41966639/
[14] Steiger A, Guldner J, Hemmeter U, et al. Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin on sleep EEG and nocturnal hormone secretion in normal men. Neuroendocrinology. 1992;56(4):566-573. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1361964/
[15] Neuroendocrine circuit for sleep-dependent growth hormone release. Cell. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40562026/

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A stencilled spec sheet of the CJC-1295 pharmacokinetic record — what the studies measured, where the human data stop, and nothing here dispensed, sourced, or sold.